"L’astronomia antica"

Storia dell'astronomia, tra il 29 ottobre e il 12 novembre 2015

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Un ciclo di tre appuntamenti organizzati dall'Associazione culturale "Antonio Rosmini" sulla Storia dell'astronomia tra il 29 ottobre e il 12 novembre 2015

Giovedì - 29 ottobre 2015 - ore 17.00
L’astronomia antica
Relatore: Dott. Giorgio Strano
Museo Galileo - Firenze

Giovedì - 05 novembre 2015 - ore 17.00
La rivoluzione scientifica e l’ astronomia
Relatore: prof. Renato Mazzolini
Dipartimento di Sociologia - Trento

Giovedì - 12 novembre 2015 - ore 17.00
La cosmologia contemporanea
Relatore: Prof. Luciano Vanzo
Facoltà di Fisica - Trento
Associazione

La cosmologia copernicana (De revolutionibus orbium coelestium, 1543) rimane legata ad alcune tesi fondamentali dell’aristotelismo: l’universo è ancora perfettamente sferico e finito; il moto circolare delle sfere cristalline deriva dal fatto che la mobilità propria della sfera è di muoversi in circolo; la condizione di immobilità del sole, immobile come il cielo delle stelle fisse, deriva dalla sua natura divina. La cosmologia odierna indaga la natura dell’universo a partire dal lavoro paziente di Tycho Brahe (De stella nova, 1573): tra il 1572 e 1574 Tycho osserva in cielo una stella nuova che, raggiunto il massimo splendore, scompare poi del tutto. La stessa osservazione empirica sconfiggeva il dogma dell’immutabilità dei cieli. Copernico aveva aperto la strada a una rivoluzione in campo astronomico - la transizione dal sistema aristotelico-tolemaico alla cosmologia moderna, cui hanno dato contributi decisivi Tycho Brahe, Keplero, Galilei e Newton sul piano dell’osservazione empirica e del calcolo, Giordano Bruno e Niccolò Cusano sul versante speculativo e teoretico. Oggi la cosmologia studia l’universo non solo nelle sue componenti fondamentali, ma anche in rapporto alle sue origini e alla sua evoluzione. Riemerge così in modo significativo un tratto delle antiche cosmogonie prima e dei sistemi filosofici poi, nei quali si assiste alla rappresentazione/narrazione dell’origine di tutte le cose, come mostra, ad esempio la teoria del Big Bang.

storia astronomia.pdf 186,50 kB

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