Il Degasperi-Gruber

“Sguardi sulla storia del Tirolo” propone un approfondimento sull’Accordo che costituisce il fondamento dell’autonomia altoatesina e trentina

[ Biblioteca Archivio del CSSEO]

Torniamo al Degasperi-Gruber. Settant’anni ovvero tre generazioni fa arrivava alla firma l’Accordo che costituisce il fondamento dell’autonomia altoatesina e trentina. A così grande distanza di tempo quell’Accordo mantiene non solo la sua attualità ma sembra in grado di sostenere anche la dinamica, di per sé inesauribile, dell’autonomia.

Non si può dire che il documento non abbia attirato l’attenzione che meritava. Dal punto di vista di vista diplomatico, sono stati ricostruiti letteralmente al minuto i passi che alla Conferenza della pace di Parigi del 1946 hanno portato italiani e austriaci a quel compromesso. Dal punto di vista giuridico, si sono accumulati gli studi che l’una e l’altra parte hanno promosso per intenderlo nel modo a sé più favorevole, arrivando a sottoporlo al minuzioso esame dell’Assemblea Generale delle Nazioni Unite. Dal punto di vista storico, ha costituito lo sfondo sul quale l’ormai lungo cammino dell’autonomia si è svolto. Dal punto di vista politico è servito e serve ancora da trampolino o da freno alle varie forze locali che provano a raggiungere un autonomo assetto regionale più vicino alle proprie idealità, e ai propri interessi. Benissimo.

Ora però torniamo al Degasperi-Gruber, sfiliamolo da sotto la montagna di studi, molti dei quali validissimi, che ci è cresciuta sopra ed esaminiamo il testo dell’Accordo così com’è, la sua pura materialità, la sua semplice consistenza linguistica.

L’italiano e il tedesco non erano fra le lingue ammesse ai lavori della Conferenza della pace e così, il Degasperi-Gruber è un testo inglese, una lingua che né Degasperi né Gruber parlavano. Ma nella traduzione italiana che l’Italia fece e nella traduzione tedesca che l’Austria si rifiutò sempre di fare, si mostrano preferenze culturali che, a volte espresse volontariamente e a volte no, contribuiscono non poco alla comprensione dell’Accordo. Se è vero che la lingua parla, proviamo ad ascoltare quel che ha da dire sul  Degasperi-Gruber.

Affronta questi temi Davide Zaffi nell’incontro dibattito “Il Degasperi-Gruber”, organizzato a Trento dalla Biblioteca Archivio del CSSEO, mercoledì 4 maggio, alle ore 17,30, nella “Sala degli Affreschi” della Biblioteca comunale (Via Roma 55).

    

Davide Zaffi

03/05/2016

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