Un simbolo protettivo del tardo Medioevo

Su palazzo Alberti Colico, a Trento, il simbolo del sole con 12 raggi maggiori, 144 minori e il trigramma (IHS) di Cristo al suo interno: quale il significato di tale immagine?  

[ Soprintendenza per i beni culturali]

Sulla facciata dell’antico  palazzo Alberti Colico di via Belenzani a Trento , osservato da molti per i suoi affreschi cinquecenteschi, si nota anche un rilievo lapideo di significato oscuro a taluni o comunque poco conosciuto nella sua vera importanza.

Si tratta del simbolo del sole con 12 raggi maggiori e 144 raggi minori con il trigramma (IHS) di Cristo al suo interno, che san Bernardino da Siena era solito mostrare dipinto sopra una tavoletta alle masse di fedeli che accorrevano nelle piazze per ascoltare i suoi celebri sermoni. In tal modo egli intendeva stimolare con l’esortazione “Nel nome di Gesù ogni ginocchio si pieghi, nei cieli, sulla terra e sotto terra"(Filippesi, 2, 10) i cristiani ad onorare Cristo.

Dopo la sua scomparsa nel 1444 e la pronta canonizzazione nel 1450 si diffonde anche a Trento, dove nel 1452 viene fondato il convento di S. Bernardino dei frati dell’Osservanza e nell’intero territorio provinciale, l'uso di esporre il Nome di Gesù anche senza l'immagine del suo promotore, come egli stesso aveva auspicato nelle sue prediche.

Il simbolo bernardiniano diviene progressivamente un potente emblema protettivo, complice la devozione al grande santo francescano che non a caso aggiungeva nelle sue prediche: "Portatelo adosso, o scritto o figurato, e non potrai capitar male.” (Le prediche volgari, a cura di C. Cannarozzi,  Pistoia 1924, II, p.209).

Fu dunque la speranza di tale aiuto divino a far scolpire tale simbolo per la facciata di Palazzo Alberti Colico, e alla stessa richiesta di protezione dai mali terreni risale il dipinto analogo sul prospetto della cosiddetta Casa dei Martiri di Sanzeno, in Val di Non ed altri casi ancora nell’antico territorio del Principato vescovile di Trento.

Laura Dal Prà - Direttrice Castello del Buonconsiglio di Trento

01/12/2014

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