28 novembre 1794: muore Cesare Beccaria #accaddeoggi

Il grande illuminista italiano

Cesare Beccaria nacque il 15 marzo 1738 a Milano.

Dopo gli studi in giurisprudenza a Pavia, si avvicinò all'Illuminismo grazie alla lettura delle Lettere persiane di Montesquieu. Affascinato dalla nuova corrente filosofica, scrisse diversi articoli per la rivista Il Caffè e collaborò con i fratelli Verri alla creazione dell'Accademia dei Pugni, punto di riferimento degli illuministi italiani.

Nel 1764 pubblicò il saggio Dei delitti e delle pene, un'opera che prendeva posizione contro la pena capitale e la tortura. In breve tempo il testo divenne un successo editoriale a livello internazionale e fonte d'ispirazione per i maggiori intellettuali dell'epoca, nonché per Thomas Jefferson e gli altri padri costituenti statunitensi.

Cesare Beccaria morì a Milano il 28 novembre 1794.

“Non vi è libertà ogni qualvolta le leggi permettono che, in alcuni eventi, l'uomo cessi di essere persona e diventi cosa.” Dei delitti e delle pene – Cesare Beccaria

Dei delitti e delle pene a 250 anni dalla pubblicazione

redazione

parte di: Accadde oggi ...

28/11/2016

eZ debug

Clear cache: Quick settings: Debug output Debug redirection Template debug Inline template debug List of used templates SQL debug output
Timing:	Mar 03 2025 13:57:15
Script start
Timing:	Mar 03 2025 13:57:15
Module start 'content'
Timing:	Mar 03 2025 13:57:16
Module end 'content'
Debug: ezpI18n::translateText	Mar 03 2025 13:57:16
Missing translation for message in context: 'kernel/navigationpart' with comment: 'Navigation part'. The untranslated message is: 'contentclassmanager'
Debug: ezpI18n::translateText	Mar 03 2025 13:57:16
Missing translation for message in context: 'kernel/navigationpart' with comment: 'Navigation part'. The untranslated message is: 'Apps'
Debug: ezpI18n::translateText	Mar 03 2025 13:57:16
Missing translation for message in context: 'kernel/navigationpart' with comment: 'Navigation part'. The untranslated message is: 'Amministrazione Trasparente'
Debug: ezpI18n::translateText	Mar 03 2025 13:57:16
Missing translation for message in context: 'kernel/navigationpart' with comment: 'Navigation part'. The untranslated message is: 'eZTags'
Timing:	Mar 03 2025 13:57:16
Script end

Main resources:

Total runtime	0.8609 sec
Peak memory usage	30,976.0000 KB
Database Queries	272

Timing points:

Checkpoint	Start (sec)	Duration (sec)	Memory at start (KB)	Memory used (KB)
Script start	0.0000	0.0422	4,817.2109	2,019.5000
Module start 'content'	0.0422	0.4750	6,836.7109	17,907.3047
Module end 'content'	0.5172	0.3436	24,744.0156	4,289.5938
Script end	0.8608		29,033.6094

Time accumulators:

Accumulator	Duration (sec)	Duration (%)	Count	Average (sec)
Ini load
Load cache	0.0620	7.2051	59	0.0011
Check MTime	0.0080	0.9319	59	0.0001
PostgreSQL Cluster
DB queries	0.0117	1.3647	14	0.0008
Postgresql Total
Database connection	0.0039	0.4487	1	0.0039
Postgresql queries	0.5239	60.8573	272	0.0019
Looping result	0.0000	0.0000	0	0.0000
MySQL Cluster
DFS operations	0.0003	0.0316	1	0.0003
TS translator
TS init	0.0096	1.1199	9	0.0011
TS cache load	0.0070	0.8178	9	0.0008
TS context load	0.0051	0.5906	9	0.0006
Template Total	0.7225	83.9	3	0.2408
Template load	0.1230	14.2932	3	0.0410
String conversion in template resource	0.0007	0.0818	35	0.0000
Template parser: create text elements	0.0200	2.3269	35	0.0006
Template parser: remove whitespace	0.0032	0.3681	35	0.0001
Template parser: construct tree	0.0949	11.0224	35	0.0027
Template load and register function	0.0119	1.3766	11	0.0011
Template processing	0.5994	69.6266	3	0.1998
states
state_id_array	0.0086	0.9932	7	0.0012
state_identifier_array	0.0055	0.6395	8	0.0007
Override
Cache load	0.0735	8.5430	50	0.0015
Sytem overhead
Fetch class attribute can translate value	0.0038	0.4401	1	0.0038
Fetch class attribute name	0.0037	0.4351	5	0.0007
XML
Image XML parsing	0.0052	0.6038	1	0.0052
class_abstraction
Instantiating content class attribute	0.0001	0.0073	5	0.0000
OCoembed
http://www.cbt.biblioteche.provincia.tn.it/oseegenius/resource?uri=6491129&v=l&dcnr=1	0.0001	0.0127	1	0.0001
General
String conversion	0.0002	0.0278	41	0.0000
Note: percentages do not add up to 100% because some accumulators overlap

TCU Pagelayout Tool:

canonical_url	false
current_node_id	575463
is_browse	false
is_edit	false
is_homepage	false
is_login_page	false
is_register_page	false
is_search_page	false
is_subsite	false
meta_description	"Il grande illuminista italiano"
opengraph	{"og:site_name":"Trentino Cultura","og:url":"http:\/\/tcu.opencontent.it\/Biblio\/Approfondimenti\/28-novembre-1794-muore-Cesare-Beccaria-accaddeoggi","fb:app_id":"287710204681096","og:country-name":"Italy","og:type":"article","og:title":"28 novembre 1794: muore Cesare Beccaria #accaddeoggi","og:description":" Il grande illuminista italiano","og:image":["http:\/\/tcu.opencontent.it\/var\/001\/storage\/images\/media\/images\/cesare_beccaria_1\/21794135-1-ita-IT\/Cesare_Beccaria_1_opengraph.jpg"]}
path_array	[{"text":"Home","url":"\/content\/view\/full\/2","url_alias":"","node_id":"2"},{"text":"Biblio","url":"\/content\/view\/full\/504689","url_alias":"Biblio","node_id":"504689"},{"text":"Approfondimenti","url":"\/content\/view\/full\/504690","url_alias":"Biblio\/Approfondimenti","node_id":"504690"},{"text":"28 novembre 1794: muore Cesare Beccaria #accaddeoggi","url":false,"url_alias":false,"node_id":"575463"}]
reverse_path_id_array	["575463","504690","504689","2"]
root_node	2
show_breadcrumb	true
show_path	true
subsite_id	0
subsite_identifier	false
subsite_logo	false
subsite_name	false
subsite_url	false
ui_context	"navigation"
uri_prefix	"\/"

Subsites

Object	Node	Class	Name
573947	573092	subsite	Forte Cadine
577586	576964	subsite	Soprintendenza per i beni culturali
593894	594092	subsite	Luciano Chailly

CSS/JS files loaded with "ezjscPacker" during request:

Cache	Type	Packlevel	SourceFiles
	CSS	0	extension/oc_tcu/design/tcu/stylesheets/app.css design/standard/stylesheets/debug.css extension/ezwt/design/standard/stylesheets/websitetoolbar.css extension/ezfind/design/standard/stylesheets/ezfind.css extension/ocbootstrap/design/ocbootstrap/stylesheets/ezajax_autocomplete.css extension/cjw_newsletter/design/standard/stylesheets/cjw_newsletter.css
	JS	0	extension/ezjscore/design/standard/javascript/jquery-1.10.2.min.js extension/oc_tcu/design/tcu/javascript/bootstrap.min.js extension/oc_tcu/design/tcu/javascript/main.js extension/oc_tcu/design/tcu/javascript/wow.min.js extension/oc_tcu/design/tcu/javascript/jquery.infinitescroll.min.js extension/oc_tcu/design/tcu/javascript/jquery.isotope.min.js extension/oc_tcu/design/tcu/javascript/jquery.masonry.min.js extension/oc_tcu/design/tcu/javascript/readmore.js

Templates used to render the page:

Usage	Requested template	Template	Template loaded
1	node/view/full.tpl	full/article.tpl	extension/oc_tcu/design/tcu/override/templates/full/article.tpl
1	parts/opengraph_set_persistent.tpl	<No override>	extension/ngopengraph/design/standard/templates/parts/opengraph_set_persistent.tpl
2	content/datatype/view/ezxmltext.tpl	<No override>	extension/ocembed/design/standard/templates/content/datatype/view/ezxmltext.tpl
7	content/datatype/view/ezxmltags/paragraph.tpl	<No override>	extension/ocbootstrap/design/ocbootstrap/templates/content/datatype/view/ezxmltags/paragraph.tpl
1	atoms/image.tpl	<No override>	extension/oc_tcu/design/tcu/templates/atoms/image.tpl
1	content/datatype/view/ezimage.tpl	<No override>	extension/oc_tcu/design/tcu/templates/content/datatype/view/ezimage.tpl
3	content/datatype/view/ezxmltags/emphasize.tpl	<No override>	extension/ocbootstrap/design/ocbootstrap/templates/content/datatype/view/ezxmltags/emphasize.tpl
1	content/datatype/view/ezxmltags/link.tpl	<No override>	extension/ocbootstrap/design/ocbootstrap/templates/content/datatype/view/ezxmltags/link.tpl
1	content/datatype/view/ezstring.tpl	<No override>	design/standard/templates/content/datatype/view/ezstring.tpl
1	content/datatype/view/ezobjectrelationlist.tpl	<No override>	extension/oc_tcu/design/tcu/templates/content/datatype/view/ezobjectrelationlist.tpl
1	content/view/embed.tpl	<No override>	extension/ocbootstrap/design/ocbootstrap/templates/content/view/embed.tpl
1	parts/social_buttons.tpl	<No override>	extension/oc_tcu/design/tcu/templates/parts/social_buttons.tpl
1	atoms/meta.tpl	<No override>	extension/oc_tcu/design/tcu/templates/atoms/meta.tpl
1	pagelayout.tpl	<No override>	extension/oc_tcu/design/tcu/templates/pagelayout.tpl
1	page_head.tpl	<No override>	extension/oc_tcu/design/tcu/templates/page_head.tpl
1	parts/opengraph_persistent.tpl	<No override>	extension/ngopengraph/design/standard/templates/parts/opengraph_persistent.tpl
1	canonical_link.tpl	<No override>	extension/ocbootstrap/design/ocbootstrap/templates/canonical_link.tpl
1	link.tpl	<No override>	extension/oc_tcu/design/tcu/templates/link.tpl
1	page_head_style.tpl	<No override>	extension/ocbootstrap/design/ocbootstrap/templates/page_head_style.tpl
1	page_head_script.tpl	<No override>	extension/oc_tcu/design/tcu/templates/page_head_script.tpl
1	page_header.tpl	<No override>	extension/oc_tcu/design/tcu/templates/page_header.tpl
1	page_header_languages.tpl	<No override>	extension/oc_tcu/design/tcu/templates/page_header_languages.tpl
1	page_header_searchbox.tpl	<No override>	extension/oc_tcu/design/tcu/templates/page_header_searchbox.tpl
1	nav/nav-tools.tpl	<No override>	extension/oc_tcu/design/tcu/templates/nav/nav-tools.tpl
1	nav/nav-main.tpl	<No override>	extension/oc_tcu/design/tcu/templates/nav/nav-main.tpl
1	node/view/nav-main_item.tpl	<No override>	extension/oc_tcu/design/tcu/templates/node/view/nav-main_item.tpl
1	breadcrumb.tpl	<No override>	extension/oc_tcu/design/tcu/templates/breadcrumb.tpl
1	page_wrapper.tpl	<No override>	extension/oc_tcu/design/tcu/templates/page_wrapper.tpl
1	page_footer.tpl	<No override>	extension/oc_tcu/design/tcu/templates/page_footer.tpl
1	page_footer_script.tpl	<No override>	extension/oc_tcu/design/tcu/templates/page_footer_script.tpl
1	parts/ga.tpl	<No override>	extension/oc_tcu/design/tcu/templates/parts/ga.tpl
1	page_extra.tpl	<No override>	extension/ocbootstrap/design/ocbootstrap/templates/page_extra.tpl
1	setup/debug_toolbar.tpl	<No override>	design/standard/templates/setup/debug_toolbar.tpl
1	setup/clear_cache.tpl	<No override>	design/standard/templates/setup/clear_cache.tpl
1	setup/quick_settings.tpl	<No override>	design/standard/templates/setup/quick_settings.tpl
Number of times templates used: 44 Number of unique templates used: 35

Time used to render debug report: 0.0007 secs