#accaddeoggi 13 giugno 1878: inizia il congresso di Berlino

Le potenze ridisegnano i Balcani

Il congresso di Berlino, iniziato il 13 giugno 1878 e terminato esattamente un mese dopo, fu promosso dall’Austria-Ungheria e dalla Gran Bretagna per stabilizzare i Balcani dopo la vittoria militare della Russia sull'impero ottomano.

Gli obiettivi principali di Austria-Ungheria e Gran Bretagna consistevano nel limitare l'espansione dell'influenza russa nella regione e preservare, a questo scopo, l'esistenza "dell'uomo malato d'Europa", l'impero ottomano. La Germania, non avendo particolari interessi nei Balcani in quel periodo, si propose come mediatrice nello scontro tra le potenze e il suo Cancelliere Bismarck, "l'onesto sensale" del congresso, ne guadagnò di prestigio e spazio di manovra diplomatica.

Durante questo congresso ottennero l’indipendenza la Serbia, la Romania e il Montenegro, mentre la Bulgaria fu ridimensionata e la Bosnia entrò nell’area di influenza austriaca. Il congresso segnò anche la fine di fatto della potenza turca in Europa. 

I trattati sottoscritti durante il congresso di Berlino, pur cercando la pace, in realtà misero in moto movimenti nazionali e territoriali, alleanze e malumori che contribuirono allo scoppio della prima Guerra Mondiale.

Le origini della guerra del 1914

redazione
parte di: Accadde oggi ...

13/06/2017

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