#accaddeoggi. 23 febbraio 1455: la Bibbia di Gutenberg

La rivoluzione della stampa

Prima del 23 febbraio 1455 il libro era qualcosa di raro e accessibile a pochi. Grazie all'ingegno del tipografo tedesco Johannes Gutenberg divenne il principale strumento di diffusione della cultura.

Per secoli la copia dei testi era stata affidata al lavoro degli amanuensi di professione, che copiavano parola per parola realizzando veri e propri capolavori destinati ad un pubblico elitario.
Esperto di metalli, Gutenberg mise a punto una lega di piombo da cui fu possibile ricavare singoli caratteri, riutilizzabili per ogni stampa. Bastava solamente cambiarne la disposizione sotto la pressa e si otteneva ogni volta un diverso risultato. La cosiddetta “stampa a caratteri mobili” fu utilizzata inizialmente per brevi testi, ma la vera sfida fu riuscire a riprodurre un'opera complessa e voluminosa: la Bibbia. L'operazione ebbe inizio nel 1452 prendendo come riferimento la Vulgata di San Girolamo, versione in latino del V secolo. La prima copia venne data alla luce il 23 febbraio del 1455.

La Bibbia di Gutenberg, di cui oggi rimangono poche decine di esemplari sparsi in tutta Europa, è considerato il primo libro stampato del mondo occidentale, da cui prese piede quel processo storico che rivoluzionò i concetti di cultura e istruzione.

La Bibbia a stampa da Gutenberg a Bodoni

redazione
parte di: Accadde oggi ...

23/02/2017

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