La guerra del 1866 ed il quadro delle trattative diplomatiche

05/09/2014 Administrator User

Argomento: La guerra del 1866 ed il quadro delle trattative diplomatiche

Testo: La questione del Trentino venne sollevata nel 1866 all'interno della guerra austro-prussiana e delle trattative diplomatiche connesse al conflitto. Nell'aprile era stata firmata a Berlino l'alleanza tra la Prussia e l'Italia; quest'ultima era obbligata ad intervenire nel caso di guerra contro l'Austria. La Francia, nel giugno, s'impegnava con l'Austria a mantenere la neutralità chiedendo in cambio la cessione del Veneto all'Italia. Il governo italiano faceva a sua volta pressione su Berlino, Parigi e Vienna perché nei compensi venisse inserito anche il Trentino, ma ottenendo più dinieghi che garanzie, sia prima che durante le ostilità scoppiate il 19 giugno. L'idea di occupare militarmente i territori del Tirolo italiano per far valere al tavolo della pace il diritto dello stato di possesso (principio dell'uti possidetis), portò ad appoggiare l'azione dei volontari garibaldini, conclusa con la battaglia di Bezzecca del 21 luglio, e quella del generale Medici che, con una divisione, contava di raggiungere Trento attraverso la Valsugana. Egli però, il 24 luglio, fu costretto ad arrestarsi a Pergine.
La vittoria prussiana contro gli austriaci rendeva inutili le operazioni militari sul fronte italiano; l'Italia, in questa situazione, non poteva che accettare l'armistizio, firmato a Cormons il 12 agosto, solo dopo la vincolante condizione di evacuare i territori non compresi nel Veneto. A Vienna, nel corso delle trattative sull'accordo di pace, il governo italiano aveva scarso potere contrattuale; a nulla approdarono le richieste del plenipotenziario Menabrea, blandamente appoggiate da Francia e Prussia, anche se rafforzate da un memoriale di Giovanni a Prato nel quale venivano esposte le ragioni nazionali, economiche e strategiche che avrebbero giustificato la cessione del Trentino all'Italia, magari dietro pagamento di una indennità. Nella pace di Vienna del 3 ottobre prevalse la tesi di non indebolire ulteriormente l'Austria e all'Italia fu assegnato solo il Veneto.

Da: 1866

A: 1866

Personaggi: a Prato Giovanni

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Oggetti correlati (1)	Classe	Tipo di relazione
a Prato Giovanni	Personaggio	Attributo ( Personaggi )

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La guerra del 1866 ed il quadro delle trattative diplomatiche

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