Giardino e parco di Castel Campo

Fiavè - frazione Stumiaga, località Castel Campo

[ Fig. 1. Veduta aerea di Castel Campo. Foto di Claudio Clamer]

Condizione giuridica: proprietà privata

Uso attuale: giardino di residenza

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Il monumentale complesso fortificato di Castel Campo sorge su uno sperone roccioso che domina la piana del Lomaso, reso ancora più inaccessibile dalle rive ripidissime dei due torrenti Duina e Rio Rezola. Al visitatore che si avventura per una stradina sterrata attraverso un fitto bosco di conifere, il complesso appare maestoso emergendo d'un tratto dalla penombra.

Prima castelliere comunitario, poi centro di controllo della viabilità e di tutta l’area delle Giudicarie, Castel Campo viene citato per la prima volta in un documento del 1163, mentre risale al 1211 la prima testimonianza che lo collega alla famiglia da Campo, proprietaria del complesso per oltre duecento anni, non senza contese con altre potenti famiglie trentine.

I secoli successivi vedono diversi passaggi di proprietà: inizialmente incamerato dalla casata vescovile degli Hack, nel 1468 il castello passa alla famiglia Trapp alla quale si devono una profonda rivisitazione dell’impianto architettonico del complesso e la realizzazione del cortile centrale. Nel 1891 viene acquistato dai Rautenstrauch, e trent'anni dopo rilevato dal milanese Cesare Rasini che lo fa restaurare su progetto dell’architetto Livio Provasoli. La famiglia si occupa inoltre della sistemazione del verde, in particolare della zona adiacente la scalinata d’ingresso, a fianco della chiesetta (fig.2).

Il rimboschimento del dosso fino all’area limitrofa le poderosa mura è opera novecentesca. Tassi, cedri, faggi e tigli fungono da guardiani al maniero, scortando il visitatore che si avvia a superare la porta nella cinta muraria. Varcato l'accesso si apre alla vista l'ambiente pittoresco del giardino, riqualificato nel primo dopoguerra secondo un gusto ancora tardo romantico, con tassi e bossi in forme tondeggianti e graziose strutture, come la chiesetta di gusto neogotico posta al lato della scalinata in acciottolato.

Attraversata la cortina muraria a tre aperture, abbellita da un maestoso esemplare di glicine, si accede al cortile interno: vero cuore del maniero costituito da tre ordini di loggiati (fig.3). Da qui si giunge al giardino del bastione ovest caratterizzato da prato e arbusti, tra i quali spiccano alcuni esemplari di faggio e faggio rosso.

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Per approfondimenti: Parchi e giardini storici in Trentino: tra arte, natura e memoria

parte di: Monumenti verdi

16/03/2017

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